19th century

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Overview: History - Epochs - Turnings - Centuries BC - Centuries AD - Future Millenniums: 1st millennium - 2nd millennium - 3rd millennium Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century Decades: 1800s - 1810s - 1820s - 1830s - 1840s - 1850s - 1860s - 1870s - 1880s - 1890s

Contents 1 Events 1.1 1810s 1.2 1820s 1.3 1830s 1.4 1840s 1.5 1850s 1.6 1860s 1.7 1870s 1.8 1880s 1.9 1890s

[edit] Events

• Increasing Western contacts with Japan; a few allowed but mostly Japan tries to remain closed.

===1800s==-

• 1800 - New York Missionary Society formed
• 1801 - John Theodosius Van Der Kemp moves to Graaff Reinet to minister to the Khoikhoi (Hottentots) people. Earlier he had helped found the Netherlands Missionary Society. In 1798, he had gone to South Africa to work as a missionary among the Xhosa.
• 1802 - Henry Martyn hears Charles Simeon speak of William Carey's work in India and resolves to become a missionary himself. He will sail for India in 1805
• 1803 - The Massachusetts Baptist Missionary Society votes to publish a missionary magazine. Now known as The American Baptist, the periodical is the oldest religious magazine in the U.S.
• 1804 - British and Foreign Bible Society formed; Church Missionary Society enters Sierra Leone
• 1805 - The first Christian missionaries arrive in Namibia, brothers Abraham and Christian Albrecht from the London Missionary Society
• 1806 - Haystack prayer meeting at Williams College; Andover Theological Seminary founded as a missionary training center; Protestant missionary work begins in earnest across southern Africa
• 1807 - First Protestant missionary to China, Robert Morrison, begins work in Guangzhou (formerly called Canton)
• 1808 - London Society for Promoting Christianity Among the Jews founded
• 1809 - National Bible Society of Scotland organized

[edit] 1810s

• 1810 - The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions is formed
• 1811 - English Wesleyans enter Sierra Leone
• 1812 - First American foreign missionary, Adoniram Judson, arrives in Serampore and soon goes to Burma
• 1813 - The Methodists form the Wesleyan Missionary Society.
• 1814 - First recorded baptism of a Chinese convert, Cai Gao; American Baptist Foreign Mission Society formed; Netherlands Bible Society founded; four Native Americans from beyond the Rocky Mountains come east to St. Louis, Missouri seeking information on the "palefaces' religion"; first missionaries arrive in New Zealand led by Samuel Marsden
• 1815 - American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions open work on Ceylon; Basel Missionary Society organized; Richmond African Missionary Society founded.
• 1816 - Robert Moffat arrives in Africa; American Bible Society founded
• 1817 - James Thompson begins distributing Bibles throughout Latin America
• 1818 - Missionary work begins in Madagascar with the reluctant approval of the king
• 1819 - John Scudder, missionary physician, joins the Ceylon Mission; Wesleyan Methodists start work in Madras, India; Reginald Heber writes words to missionary classic "From Greenland's Icy Mountains"

[edit] 1820s

• 1820 - Hiram Bingham goes to Hawaii (Sandwich Islands)
• 1821 - Liberation of Greece from Islamic control.
• 1821 - African-American Lott Carey, a Baptist missionary, sails with 28 colleagues from Norfolk, VA to Sierra Leone; Protestant Episcopal Church mission board established.
• 1822 - Paris Evangelical Missionary Society established
• 1823 - Scottish Missionary Society workers arrive in Bombay, India; Liang Fa, first Chinese Protestant evangelist, is ordained by Robert Morrison; Colonial and Continental Church Society formed; African American Betsy Stockton is sent by the American Board of Missions to Hawaii. She thus becomes the first single woman missionary in the history of modern missions.
• 1824 - Berlin Mission Society formed
• 1825 - George Boardman goes to Burma
• 1826 - American Bible Society sends first shipment of Bibles to Mexico
• 1827 - Missionary Lancelot Threlkeld reports in The Monitor that he was "advancing rapidly" in his efforts to disseminate Holy Scripture among Indigenous Australians of the Hunter and Shoalhaven Rivers.
• 1828 - Basel Mission begins work in the Christiansborg area of Accra, Ghana; Karl Gützlaff of the Netherlands Missionary Society lands in Bangkok, Thailand; Rhenish Missionary Association formed
• 1829 - George Müller, a native of Prussia, goes to England as a missionary to the Jews; Anthony Norris Groves, an Exeter dentist, sets off as a missionary to Baghdad accompanied by John Kitto

[edit] 1830s

• 1830 - Church of Scotland missionary Alexander Duff arrives in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta); William Swan, missionary to Siberia, writes Letters on Missions, the first Protestant comprehensive treatment of the theory and practice of missions; Baptism of Taufa'ahau Tupou, King of Tonga, by a western missionary
• 1830 - France occupies Algeria, and follows with acquisition of Tunisia.
• 1831 - American Congregational missionaries arrive in Thailand, withdrawing in 1849 without a single convert; Presbyterian Church mission board established; Trinitarian Bible Society formed
• 1832 - Teava, former cannibal and pioneer Pacific Islander missionary, is commissioned by John Williams to work on the Samoan island of Manono
• 1833 - Baptist work in Thailand begins with John Taylor Jones; American Methodist missionary Melville Box arrives in Liberia; Free Will Baptist Foreign Missionary Society begins work in India
• 1834 - American Presbyterian Mission opens work in India in the Punjab
• 1835 - Rhenish Missionary Society begins work among the Dayaks on Borneo (Indonesia); Daniel Wilson, Bishop of Calcutta calls India's caste system "a cancer."
• 1836 - Plymouth Brethren begin work in Madras, India; George Müller begins his work with orphans in Bristol, England;Gossner Mission formed; Leipzig Mission Society established; Colonial Missionary Society formed; The Providence Missionary Baptist District Association is formed, one of at least six national organizations among African American Baptists whose sole objective was missionary work in Africa.
• 1837 - Evangelical Lutheran Church mission board established; First translation of Bible into Japanese (actual translation work done in Singapore)
• 1838 - Church of Scotland Mission of Inquiry to the Jews; four Scottish ministers including Robert Murray M'Cheyne and Andrew Bonar journey to Palestine.
• 1839 - The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (the Mormons) initiates its ongoing missionary effort from western New York.
• 1839 - Opium War between China and Great Britain.
• 1839 - Entire Bible is published in language of Tahiti; three French missionaries martyred in Korea; English Protestant missionaries murdered on Erromango (Vanuatu, South Pacific)

[edit] 1840s

• 1840 - David Livingstone is in present-day Malawi (Africa) with the London Missionary Society; American Presbyterians enter Thailand and labor for 18 years before seeing their first Thai convert; Irish Presbyterian Missionary Society formed; Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Missionary Society founded
• 1841 - Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society formed; Welsh Methodists begin working among the Khasi people of India
• 1842 - Gossner Mission Society begun in Berlin; Norwegian Missionary Society formed in Stavanger
• 1843 - Baptist John Taylor Jones translates New Testament into the Thai language; British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Jews formed
• 1844 - German Ludwig Krapf begins work in Mombasa on the Kenya Coast; first Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) formed by George Williams; George Smith and Thomas McClatchie sail for China as the first two CMS missionaries to that country
• 1845 - Southern Baptist Convention mission organization founded
• 1846 - The London Missionary Society establishes work on Niue, a South Pacific island which westerners had named the "savage island."
• 1847 - Presbyterian William Burns goes to China, translates The Pilgrim's Progress into Chinese; Moses White sails to China as a Methodist medical missionary
• 1848 - Charles Forman goes to Punjab; German missionaries Johannes Rebmann and Johann Ludwig Krapf arrive at Kilimanjaro. Initially, their story of a snow-covered peak near the equator was scoffed at.
• 1849 - Just weeks after arriving on the Melanesian island of Anatom, missionary John Geddie wrote in his journal: "In the darkness, degradation, pollution and misery that surrounds me, I will look forward in the vision of faith to the time when some of these poor islanders will unite in the triumphant song of ransomed souls, 'Unto Him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in His own blood.'"

[edit] 1850s

• 1850 - On the occasion of Karl Gützlaff's visit to Europe, the Berlin Ladies Association for China is established in conjunction with the Berlin Missionary Association for China. Work in China will commence in 1851 with the arrival of Hermandine Neumann in Hong Kong.
• 1851 - Allen Gardiner and six missionary colleagues die of exposure and starvation at Patagonia on the southern tip of South America when a re-supply ship from England arrives six months late; Norwegian Missionary Society establishes a mission in eMpangeni, KwaZulu-Natal
• 1852 - Zenana (women) and Medical Missionary Fellowship formed in England to send out single women missionaries
• 1853- The Hermannsburg Missionary Society, founded in 1849 by Louis Harms, has finished training its first group of young missionaries. They are sent to Africa on a ship (the Kandaze) which had been built entirely from donations.
• 1854 - London Missionary Conference; New York Missionary Conference; Henry Venn, secretary of the Church Missionary Society, sets out ideal of self-governing, self-supporting and self-propagating churches; Hudson Taylor arrives in China
• 1855 - Henry Steinhauer is ordained as a Canadian Methodist missionary to North American Indians and posted to Lac La Biche, Alberta. Steinhauer's missionary work had actually begun 15 years earlier in 1840 when he was assigned to Lac La Pluie to assist in translating, teaching and interpreting the Ojibwa and Cree languages.
• 1856 - Presbyterians start work in Colombia with the arrival of Henry Pratt
• 1857 - Bible translated into Tswana language; Board of Foreign Missions of Dutch Reformed Church set up
• 1858 - John G. Paton begins work in New Hebrides; Elizabeth Freeman martyred in India; Basel Evangelical Missionary Society begins work in western Sumatra (Indonesia);Publication of David Livingstone's book Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa
• 1859 - Protestant missionaries arrive in Japan

[edit] 1860s

• 1860 - United Lutheran Church begins work in Liberia; Liverpool Missionary Conference; Cyrus Hamlin lays groundwork for the establishment of Robert College in Constantinople
• 1861 - Protestant Stundism arises in the village of Osnova of modern-day Ukraine; Sarah Doremus founds the Women's Union Missionary Society; Episcopal Church opens work in Haiti; Rhenish Mission goes to Indonesia under Ludwig Nommensen
• 1862 - Paris Evangelical Missionary Society opens work in Senegal
• 1863 - Robert Moffat, missionary to Africa with the London Missionary Society, publishes his book Rivers of Water in a Dry Place, Being an Account of the Introduction of Christianity into South Africa, and of Mr. Moffat's Missionary Labours
• 1864 - Baptists enter Argentina
• 1865 - The China Inland Mission is founded by James Hudson Taylor; James Laidlaw Maxwell plants first viable church in Taiwan.
• 1866 - Theodore Jonas Meyer (1819-1894), a converted Jew serving as a Presbyterian missionary in Italy, nurses those dying in a cholera epidemic until he himself falls prey to the disease. Barely surviving, he becomes a peacemaker between Catholics and Protestants; Robert Thomas, the first Protestant martyr in Korea, is beheaded giving a Bible to his executioner. ; The largest group of Protestant Christian missionaries ever to sail - the Lammermuir (clipper) Party of 16 missionaries of the China Inland Mission arrives in Shanghai September 30, led by Hudson Taylor.
• 1867 - Methodists start work in Argentina; Scripture Union established; Lars Olsen Skrefsrud and Hans Peter Børresen begin working among the Santals of India.
• 1868 - Robert Bruce goes to Iran, Canadian Baptist missionary Americus Timpany begins work among the Telugu people in India.
• 1869 - The first Methodist women's missionary magazine, The Heathen Women's Friend, begins publication. ; Riot in Yangzhou, China destroys China Inland Mission house and nearly leads to open war between Britain and China.

[edit] 1870s

• 1870 - Clara Swain, the very first female missionary medical doctor, arrives at Bareilly, India.
• 1871 - Henry Stanley finds David Livingstone in central Africa; George Leslie Mackay plants church in northern Taiwan.
• 1872 - First All-India Missionary Conference with 136 participants
• 1873 - Regions Beyond Missionary Union founded in London in connection with the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions; first Scripture portion (Gospel of Luke) translated into a language of the Philippines (Pangasinan); Lottie Moon appointed as missionary to China
• 1874 - Lord Radstock's first visit to St. Petersburg and the beginning of an evangelical awakening among the St. Petersburg nobility; Albert Sturges initiates the Interior Micronesia Mission in the Mortlock Islands under the leadership of Micronesian students from Ohwa
• 1875 - The Foreign Christian Missionary Society is organized with Isaac Errett as president. It served a network of churches within the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) and Church of Christ movements. Charles G. Finney died 16 August 1875
• 1876 - In September, a rusty ocean steamer arrives at a port on the Calabar River in what is now Nigeria. That part of Africa was then known as the White Man's Grave. The only woman on board that ship is 29-year-old Mary Slessor, a missionary.
• 1877 - James Chalmers goes to New Guinea
• 1878 - Mass movement to Christ in Ongole, India; Evangelical Association Missionary Society formed
• 1879 - H. F. Reynolds enters the ministry. He became the missionary secretary of the new Church of the Nazarene in 1907.

[edit] 1880s

• 1880 - Woman missionary doctor Fanny Butler goes to India; Missionary periodical The Gospel in All Lands is launched by A. B. Simpson
• 1881 - Methodist work in Lahore, Pakistan starts in the wake of revivals under Bishop William Taylor; North Africa Mission (now Arab World Ministries) founded on work of Edward Glenny in Algeria
• 1882 - James Gilmour, London Missionary Society missionary to Mongolia, goes home to England for a furlough. During that time he published a book: Among the Mongols. It was so well-written that one critic wrote, "Robinson Crusoe has turned missionary, lived years in Mongolia, and wrote a book about it." Concerning the author, the critic said, "If ever on earth there lived a man who kept the law of Christ, and could give proof of it, and be absolutely unconscious that he was giving it to them, it is this man whom the Mongols called 'our Gilmour.'"
• 1883 - Salvation Army enters West Pakistan; A.B. Simpson organizes The Missionary Union for the Evangelization of the World. The first classes of the Missionary Training College are held in New York City. Zaire Christian and Missionary Alliance mission field opens.
• 1884 - David Torrance is sent by the Jewish Mission of the Free Church of Scotland as a medical missionary to Palestine
• 1885 - Horace Underwood, Presbyterian missionary, and Henry Appenzellar, Methodist missionary, arrive in Korea; Scottish Ion Keith-Falconer goes to Aden on the Arabian peninsula; "Cambridge Seven" -- C. T. Studd, M. Beauchamp, W. W. Cassels, D. E. Hoste, S. P. Smith, A. T. Podhill-Turner, C. H. Polhill-Turner -- go to China as missionaries with the China Inland Mission; Ugandan troops kill Anglican bishop James Hannington and the Africans traveling with him.
• 1886 - Northfield 1886: Student Volunteer Movement launched.
• 1887 -The Hundred missionaries deployed in one year in China under the China Inland Mission. Dr. William Cassidy, a Toronto medical doctor, was ordained as the Christian and Missionary Alliance's first missionary preacher. Unfortunately, en route to China, he died of smallpox. However, Cassidy's death has been called the "spark that ignited the Alliance missionary blaze."
• 1888 - First party of Americans as part of the China Inland Mission sail for China led by Hudson Taylor; Jonathan Goforth sails to China; Student Volunteer Movement for foreign missions officially organized with John R. Mott as chairman and Robert Wilder as traveling secretary. The movement's motto, coined by Wilder, was: "The evangelization of the world in this generation"; Scripture Gift Mission (now Lifewords) founded
• 1889 - Paul Olaf Bodding arrives in India, Santhal Parganas, and continues the work among the santals started by Skrefsrud and Børresen in 1867. He was an eminent folklorist and linguistic. Samuel Moffett sails from US for Korea, establishes Presbyterian Mission there; North Africa Mission enters Tripoli as first Protestant mission in Libya

[edit] 1890s

• 1890 - Central American Mission founded by C. I. Scofield, editor of the Scofield Reference Bible; The Scandinavian Alliance (now The Evangelical Alliance Mission) founded; Methodist Charles Gabriel writes missionary song "Send the Light"; John Livingston Nevius of China visits Korea to outline his strategy for missions: 1) Each believer should be a productive member of society and active in sharing his faith; 2) The church in Korea should be distinctly Korean and free of foreign control; 3) The leaders of the Korean church will be selected and trained from its members; 4) Church buildings will be built by Koreans with their own resources
• 1891 - Samuel Zwemer goes to Arabia; Helen Chapman sails for the Congo (Zaire). She married a Danish missionary, William Rasmussen, whom she met during the voyage.
• 1892 - Redcliffe Missionary Training College founded in Chiswick (London)
• 1893 - Eleanor Chestnut goes to China as Presbyterian medical missionary; Sudan Interior Mission founded by Rowland Bingham, a graduate of Nyack College
• 1894 - Soatanana Revival begins in Madagascar, lasting over 90 years
• 1895 - Africa Inland Mission formed by Peter Cameron Scott; Japan Bible Society established; Roland Allen sent as missionary for the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts to its North China Mission.
• 1896 - Ödön Scholtz founds the first Hungarian Lutheran foreign mission periodical Külmisszió
• 1897 - Presbyterian Church (USA) begins work in Venezuela
• 1898 - Theresa Huntington leaves her New England home for the Middle East. For seven years she will work as an American Board missionary in Elazığ (Kharput) in the Ottoman Empire. Her letters home will be published in a book titled Great Need over the Water.
• 1899 - James Rodgers arrives in Philippines with the Presbyterian Mission; Central American Mission enters Guatemala